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What makes Uzbek culture unique: pilaf, adras, cotton, and more

20.08.2024

What makes Uzbek culture unique: pilaf, adras, cotton, and more

This article highlights the key elements of Uzbek culture that have been passed down through generations and remain relevant in the daily lives of Uzbeks.


Adras


The main traditional fabric of the Uzbek people. It is made by hand from 50% silk and 50% cotton. Its uniqueness lies in the fact that it is produced only in Uzbekistan. The fabric features vibrant, distinctive patterns and is known for its durability and longevity. It is used for clothing, footwear, bags, bedding, home textiles, and more.

In 2017, the traditional production of atlas and adras at the Margilan Crafts Center was included in UNESCO's List of Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity, highlighting the importance of preserving this craft.


Pakhta Gul


A popular type of decoration on porcelain dishes. Pakhta means "cotton," and "gul" means "flower." The patterns on the dishes are painted with a fine brush, with a cobalt blue base and a golden border along the edges.


Pilaf


The most iconic and recognizable Uzbek dish worldwide — pilaf. It consists of rice, meat, onions, carrots, and spices. There are many variations depending on the region and occasion, but the wedding pilaf remains the most significant.


Lyagan


A large ceramic plate, hand-painted in traditional colors and patterns. It is used for serving main dishes, fruits, nuts, or flatbreads. The deep center, round shape, and low edges make it ideal for dishes with little or no liquid. Traditionally placed in the center of the table, food is eaten directly from it or served in portions. While once reserved for special occasions, it is now increasingly used in daily life.


Skullcap


A four-cornered conical hat. It is typically worn during holidays or special occasions. The most popular version is the black skullcap with white patterns. Each region of Uzbekistan has its own skullcap, varying in size, height, colors, and patterns. They are also categorized into everyday and festive types.


Cotton


Cotton has long been a symbol and pride of Uzbekistan. It remains crucial to the country’s economy. It is commonly referred to as "ok oltyn," which translates to "white gold."


Kurpacha


A quilted mattress that functions as both a chair and a bed. During meals, people sit on kurpachas at low tables, and after eating, they stack the mattresses in layers to sleep on them. It continues to be an important household item for Uzbeks.


Chapan


A traditional quilted robe, fastened with a waist belt called a "kiyikcha." Mainly worn by men on festive occasions, while older people wear them in daily life. Festive chapans are made of velvet or silk and adorned with hand-embroidered patterns, while everyday ones are made from lighter materials such as cotton.


Flatbreads


Flatbreads have become an important part of Uzbek culture. It is a circular bread with a pattern in the middle and covered with sesame seeds. Traditionally, the bread is baked in a tandoor. In each region of the country, flatbreads differ in shape, flavor and method of preparation.


Tandyr


An oven-grill, one of the main elements in cooking, still widely used today. Many private homes have a tandyr in their yards. It is commonly used to bake tandyr, samsa, as well as meat and stews. The tandyr is efficient in fuel consumption and can be portable.

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