Planning a Turkmenistan trip in 2025? From updated visa rules to the best time to visit, here’s everything you need to know before exploring one of Central Asia’s most unique destinations.
Visa and entry requirements
Electronic visa system. In 2025, Turkmenistan enacted a law introducing electronic visas for most foreign nationals, removing the previous requirement for a formal letter of invitation and streamlining online applications.
Traditional visa procedures. For those applying via Turkmen embassies, you must submit a completed visa application form, passport‑size photos, a copy of your passport, and pay the visa fee, processing times vary by mission.
Passport validity. Your passport must be valid for at least six months beyond your intended departure date and contain at least one blank page per entry stamp.
Crafting your itinerary
Must-see destinations
Ashgabat. Marvel at its white-marble architecture, the Neutrality Arch, and the Turkmen Carpet Museum.
Darvaza Gas Crater or “Gates of Hell”. Arrange a 4×4 excursion from Ashgabat or Darvaza camps to witness this flaming crater in the Karakum Desert.
Ancient sites. Visit the Parthian Fortresses of Nisa and the archaeological remains at Merv with prior permit.
Recommended duration
A well-rounded 7‑10 day trip balances urban exploration with desert and heritage site visits; shorter stays can focus on Ashgabat and Darvaza in four to five days.
Transportation within Turkmenistan
International arrival. Ashgabat International Airport connects with flights from Istanbul, Dubai, Moscow, and regional hubs, cargo‑type flights sometimes carry passengers on less frequent schedules.
Domestic travel. Intercity buses operated by state and private companies link Ashgabat, Dashoguz, Mary, Turkmenabat, and Turkmenbashi — buses are more reliable and often faster than trains. Shared minibuses and taxis serve shorter routes, fares should be negotiated in manats prior to departure.
4×4 Tours. Remote locations, including the Darvaza crater and ancient ruins outside major cities, require booking guided 4×4 tours with licensed operators for safety and permit compliance.
Accommodation options
Ashgabat and major cities. Choose from top hotels such as Yyldyz Hotel, Sport Hotel, and Archabil Hotel — all offering international‑standard amenities and English‑speaking staff.
Regional stays. In desert and rural areas, you’ll find basic guesthouses and yurt camps near the Darvaza crater or in Mary, booking through tour operators ensures genuine hospitality and security.
Permits, guides, and regulations
Many heritage sites and border‑region excursions require special permits issued by the Ministry of Culture or border authorities, these are typically arranged by your tour operator. Hiring licensed guides not only grants smoother access but also enriches your understanding of local history and customs.
Currency, budgeting, and connectivity
The Turkmen manat is the only legal tender, ATMs are scarce outside Ashgabat, so carry sufficient cash. Daily budgets vary widely — expect $80-150 per day for mid‑range travel, including accommodation, transport, and guides, luxury stays cost more. SIM cards from Turkmen Telecom provide limited 3G service, purchasing a local SIM requires registration.
Best time to visit
Spring and autumn offer mild temperatures ideal for desert and urban sightseeing. Summer months can exceed 45 °C in the Karakum, while winter sees subzero lows especially in Dashoguz and Mary.