Kazakhstan’s traditional games are deeply intertwined with its nomadic roots. These games reflect the values, skills, and social structures of a people who once roamed vast steppes on horseback. Today, they are not only preserved as cultural heritage but also celebrated in modern life, from national festivals to international competitions.
Kokpar
Kokpar is arguably the most well-known Kazakh game. Two teams of horsemen compete to grab a goat carcass and deliver it to a goal. The game requires incredible physical power, agility, and coordination between riders. Kokpar symbolizes bravery, competition, and mastery of horseback riding — traits once crucial for survival on the steppe.
Audaryspak
In Audaryspak, two riders engage in a wrestling match while on horseback. The goal is to pull the opponent off their horse using strength and leverage. This game highlights the rider’s power, balance, and intimate connection with their horse. It is often performed during festive events and national holidays.
Kyz Kuu
Kyz Kuu is a traditional courtship game. A young man chases a girl on horseback; if he catches her, he may steal a kiss. If not, she turns around and chases him back, often striking him with a whip. The game is a playful but skillful display of horsemanship, speed, and social customs related to flirtation and gender roles.
Togyzkumalak
Togyzkumalak is a traditional board game often called the "chess of the steppes." Played on a wooden board with two rows of nine pits, it involves complex mathematical thinking and strategic planning. The name means “nine pebbles,” and each move requires players to anticipate and outwit their opponent. Togyzkumalak has been recognized by UNESCO and is played competitively across the world.
Asyk Atu
Asyk Atu is a popular children’s game played with the ankle bones — asyk, of sheep. Players aim to knock over a target bone using a special "shooter" asyk. It teaches accuracy, patience, and dexterity. In the past, every Kazakh child had their own asyk set, often decorated or dyed to show personal flair.