When most people think of Kazakhstan, cities like Almaty and Astana come to mind. But beyond these major urban hubs, Kazakhstan is home to a variety of lesser-known cities that offer unique experiences, rich cultural history, and surprising modern flair. These cities are increasingly catching the attention of both domestic travelers and expats looking for alternative places to visit or settle.
Pavlodar — industrial legacy meets riverfront
Located in northeastern Kazakhstan along the Irtysh River, Pavlodar is often overlooked in favor of larger cities. However, it boasts a strong industrial heritage, clean wide avenues, and a growing number of green spaces. The city has a distinctly Soviet-era architectural vibe but is gradually modernizing with cafés, walking trails along the river, and improved public infrastructure. Pavlodar also has a strong educational base and is home to one of Kazakhstan’s major technical universities.
Taraz — one of Central Asia’s oldest cities
With a history stretching back over 2000 years, Taraz is one of the most ancient cities in Central Asia. Located in the Jambyl Region near the Kyrgyz border, Taraz is a treasure trove of medieval mausoleums, archaeological finds, and Silk Road heritage. It has undergone significant renovation in recent years to boost domestic tourism. For history lovers and those interested in Islamic architecture, Taraz offers an authentic, less commercialized alternative to more famous historical cities in the region.
Kokshetau — gateway to Burabay’s nature
Though Kokshetau is not a major tourism hotspot, it is an essential access point to the stunning Burabay National Park — known as the "Kazakh Switzerland." The city itself is surrounded by hills, pine forests, and lakes. Kokshetau offers a mix of clean air, small-town calm, and increasing local initiatives in eco-tourism and wellness. It’s especially popular among Kazakhstani families and is gaining a slow but steady reputation among nature-seeking tourists.
Aktobe — a modern city in the West
Located in western Kazakhstan, Aktobe is a dynamic regional center with a strong economy rooted in oil, metallurgy, and agriculture. Over the past decade, the city has seen rapid development, with modern shopping centers, new housing developments, and upgraded public services. Aktobe’s population is young and diverse, and the city is increasingly seen as a launchpad for business in western Kazakhstan.
Semey — a literary and political heritage
Formerly known as Semipalatinsk, Semey is a city with a complex and layered history. It was once the heart of Kazakhstan’s intellectual life and is closely associated with the Kazakh poet Abai Kunanbayev and writer Fyodor Dostoevsky, who lived here during his exile. While the legacy of Soviet nuclear testing near the region still looms, modern Semey is slowly reinventing itself through cultural projects and educational initiatives, especially with its strong medical university and growing academic scene.